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    #include "cs.h"
    /* sparse QR factorization [V,beta,pinv,R] = qr (A) */
    csn *cs_qr (const cs *A, const css *S)
    {
        CS_ENTRY *Rx, *Vx, *Ax, *x ;
        double *Beta ;
        CS_INT i, k, p, m, n, vnz, p1, top, m2, len, col, rnz, *s, *leftmost, *Ap, *Ai,
            *parent, *Rp, *Ri, *Vp, *Vi, *w, *pinv, *q ;
        cs *R, *V ;
        csn *N ;
        if (!CS_CSC (A) || !S) return (NULL) ;
        m = A->m ; n = A->n ; Ap = A->p ; Ai = A->i ; Ax = A->x ;
        q = S->q ; parent = S->parent ; pinv = S->pinv ; m2 = S->m2 ;
        vnz = S->lnz ; rnz = S->unz ; leftmost = S->leftmost ;
        w = cs_malloc (m2+n, sizeof (CS_INT)) ;            /* get CS_INT workspace */
        x = cs_malloc (m2, sizeof (CS_ENTRY)) ;           /* get CS_ENTRY workspace */
        N = cs_calloc (1, sizeof (csn)) ;               /* allocate result */
        if (!w || !x || !N) return (cs_ndone (N, NULL, w, x, 0)) ;
        s = w + m2 ;                                    /* s is size n */
        for (k = 0 ; k < m2 ; k++) x [k] = 0 ;          /* clear workspace x */
        N->L = V = cs_spalloc (m2, n, vnz, 1, 0) ;      /* allocate result V */
        N->U = R = cs_spalloc (m2, n, rnz, 1, 0) ;      /* allocate result R */
        N->B = Beta = cs_malloc (n, sizeof (double)) ;  /* allocate result Beta */
        if (!R || !V || !Beta) return (cs_ndone (N, NULL, w, x, 0)) ;
        Rp = R->p ; Ri = R->i ; Rx = R->x ;
        Vp = V->p ; Vi = V->i ; Vx = V->x ;
        for (i = 0 ; i < m2 ; i++) w [i] = -1 ; /* clear w, to mark nodes */
        rnz = 0 ; vnz = 0 ;
        for (k = 0 ; k < n ; k++)               /* compute V and R */
        {
            Rp [k] = rnz ;                      /* R(:,k) starts here */
            Vp [k] = p1 = vnz ;                 /* V(:,k) starts here */
            w [k] = k ;                         /* add V(k,k) to pattern of V */
            Vi [vnz++] = k ;
            top = n ;
            col = q ? q [k] : k ;
            for (p = Ap [col] ; p < Ap [col+1] ; p++)   /* find R(:,k) pattern */
            {
                i = leftmost [Ai [p]] ;         /* i = min(find(A(i,q))) */
                for (len = 0 ; w [i] != k ; i = parent [i]) /* traverse up to k */
                {
                    s [len++] = i ;
                    w [i] = k ;
                }
                while (len > 0) s [--top] = s [--len] ; /* push path on stack */
                i = pinv [Ai [p]] ;             /* i = permuted row of A(:,col) */
                x [i] = Ax [p] ;                /* x (i) = A(:,col) */
                if (i > k && w [i] < k)         /* pattern of V(:,k) = x (k+1:m) */
                {
                    Vi [vnz++] = i ;            /* add i to pattern of V(:,k) */
                    w [i] = k ;
                }
            }
            for (p = top ; p < n ; p++) /* for each i in pattern of R(:,k) */
            {
                i = s [p] ;                     /* R(i,k) is nonzero */
                cs_happly (V, i, Beta [i], x) ; /* apply (V(i),Beta(i)) to x */
                Ri [rnz] = i ;                  /* R(i,k) = x(i) */
                Rx [rnz++] = x [i] ;
                x [i] = 0 ;
                if (parent [i] == k) vnz = cs_scatter (V, i, 0, w, NULL, k, V, vnz);
            }
            for (p = p1 ; p < vnz ; p++)        /* gather V(:,k) = x */
            {
                Vx [p] = x [Vi [p]] ;
                x [Vi [p]] = 0 ;
            }
            Ri [rnz] = k ;                     /* R(k,k) = norm (x) */
            Rx [rnz++] = cs_house (Vx+p1, Beta+k, vnz-p1) ; /* [v,beta]=house(x) */
        }
        Rp [n] = rnz ;                          /* finalize R */
        Vp [n] = vnz ;                          /* finalize V */
        return (cs_ndone (N, NULL, w, x, 1)) ;  /* success */
    }